BeginnerTopic 7 of 106Electrical Engineering

Energy and kilowatt-hours

Energy is power times time; household energy is billed in kWh.

In depth

Energy E=Pt in joules, or in kWh for billing (1 kWh=3.6 MJ). Cost is kWh × tariff. Energy efficiency reduces consumption: LED lamps give the same light at around 1/6 of the power of incandescent lamps.

Key points

  • Standby loads add up
  • Demand charges for industry
  • Energy meters integrate power
Example

A 2 kW heater running 3 hours uses 6 kWh.

Why it matters

Energy bills and battery capacity use energy rather than power, so this unit links how long something runs to how much it costs.

Where this is used

  • Estimating the monthly cost of running a fridge.
  • Predicting how long a phone battery lasts at a given power.
  • Comparing the energy use of two lighting options.

Frequently asked questions

What is Energy and kilowatt-hours?

Energy is power times time; household energy is billed in kWh.

Why is it important to understand energy and kilowatt-hours?

Energy bills and battery capacity use energy rather than power, so this unit links how long something runs to how much it costs.

How do I calculate a monthly electricity cost?

Multiply the power in kilowatts by the hours of use to get kWh, then multiply by the tariff in currency per kWh.

Is a kilowatt-hour a unit of power?

No. A kilowatt-hour is a unit of energy, the power of one kilowatt sustained for one hour.

How is Energy and kilowatt-hours used in practice?

Typical applications include estimating the monthly cost of running a fridge, predicting how long a phone battery lasts at a given power and comparing the energy use of two lighting options.

What should I learn before Energy and kilowatt-hours?

Study "Electric power" first (topic 6 of 106 in Electrical Engineering). It covers the groundwork this topic builds on.

What are the key points of Energy and kilowatt-hours?

Standby loads add up. Demand charges for industry. Energy meters integrate power.

Can you give an example of Energy and kilowatt-hours?

A 2 kW heater running 3 hours uses 6 kWh.

What comes after Energy and kilowatt-hours?

The next topic is "Series circuits", which builds directly on this one.

How difficult is Energy and kilowatt-hours?

It is classed as Beginner in Electrical Engineering (topic 7 of 106). It is an entry-level topic. It relies only on basic school mathematics and the ideas introduced earlier in this discipline.

Learning path

Want to practise? Open the interactive course for quick checks, quizzes, simulations and progress tracking.

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