IntermediateTopic 55 of 106Electrical Engineering
Three-phase power measurement
Total power measured using two-wattmeter or per-phase methods.
In depth
Total power in a balanced load is 3V_phI_phcosφ. The two-wattmeter method uses P=W₁+W₂ for three-wire systems and gives power factor from W₁/W₂. Energy meters in practice use digital sampling.
Key points
- Blondel's theorem
- Reverse reading indicates PF<0.5
- Unbalance needs three meters
ExampleW₁=3 kW and W₂=1 kW gives P=4 kW.
What is Three-phase power measurement?
Total power measured using two-wattmeter or per-phase methods.
Why is it important to understand three-phase power measurement?
Three-phase power measurement must be done correctly for billing and diagnosis, and the method depends on whether the system is balanced.
Why do two wattmeters measure total power?
In a three-wire system, the sum of two properly connected wattmeter readings gives the total power, even if the load is unbalanced.
Is there a simple formula for balanced loads?
Yes. Total power equals the square root of three times the line voltage times the line current times the power factor.
How is Three-phase power measurement used in practice?
Typical applications include measuring the power of a three-phase motor during commissioning, checking the energy use of an industrial feeder for a billing audit and diagnosing an imbalance in a three-phase load using per-phase readings.
What should I learn before Three-phase power measurement?
Study "Star and delta connections" first (topic 54 of 106 in Electrical Engineering). It covers the groundwork this topic builds on.
What are the key points of Three-phase power measurement?
Blondel's theorem. Reverse reading indicates PF<0.5. Unbalance needs three meters.
Can you give an example of Three-phase power measurement?
W₁=3 kW and W₂=1 kW gives P=4 kW.
What comes after Three-phase power measurement?
The next topic is "Electromagnetic induction in machines", which builds directly on this one.
How difficult is Three-phase power measurement?
It is classed as Intermediate in Electrical Engineering (topic 55 of 106). It is an intermediate topic. Work through the beginner topics in Electrical Engineering first.