IntermediateTopic 68 of 104Electronics & Embedded
USB basics
A host-controlled serial bus supporting many device classes.
In depth
USB uses a host-controlled tree topology with differential D+/D- lines and descriptors identifying device classes (HID, CDC, mass storage). Speeds from 1.5 Mbit/s to 40 Gbit/s; USB-C supports power delivery up to 240 W. Enumeration assigns addresses.
Key points
- Endpoints and transfer types
- VBUS 5 V
- On-the-go
ExampleA USB keyboard enumerates as an HID device.
What is USB basics?
A host-controlled serial bus supporting many device classes.
Why is it important to understand USB basics?
USB is the standard connector for devices and power, so understanding its roles helps you design devices that work with computers.
Who controls a USB bus?
The host controller, which polls devices and schedules transfers, while the devices respond to requests.
What is enumeration?
The process where the host discovers a new device, reads its descriptors and assigns an address before the device can be used.
How is USB basics used in practice?
Typical applications include designing a USB device such as a keyboard or a storage stick, powering a small gadget from a USB port and debugging a device that does not enumerate on a host computer.
What should I learn before USB basics?
Study "CAN bus" first (topic 67 of 104 in Electronics & Embedded). It covers the groundwork this topic builds on.
What are the key points of USB basics?
Endpoints and transfer types. VBUS 5 V. On-the-go.
Can you give an example of USB basics?
A USB keyboard enumerates as an HID device.
What comes after USB basics?
The next topic is "ADC peripherals and sampling", which builds directly on this one.
How difficult is USB basics?
It is classed as Intermediate in Electronics & Embedded (topic 68 of 104). It is an intermediate topic. Work through the beginner topics in Electronics & Embedded first.