BeginnerTopic 25 of 102Manufacturing, Robotics & Systems
CNC machining
Computer controlled machine tools follow G-code.
In depth
CNC machines are driven by programs (G-code, M-codes) controlling axes via servo motors and feedback; configurations: 3-axis, 5-axis, turning centres, mill-turn. Benefits: repeatability, complex geometry, automation (tool changers, pallets). Setup: work offsets, tool lengths, fixtures.
Key points
- G01 linear, G02/G03 circular
- Closed loop with encoders
- Spindle power and rigidity
ExampleG01 X50 Y20 F200 moves linearly to X50,Y20 at 200 mm/min.
What is CNC machining?
Computer controlled machine tools follow G-code.
Why is it important to understand CNC machining?
CNC machines run programmed toolpaths reliably and repeatably, which makes complex parts economical in medium and high volumes.
What is G-code?
A programming language that tells a CNC machine the coordinates and motion commands for each step of a toolpath.
What does a CNC program need besides the G-code?
Correct tool offsets, work coordinate setup, feeds and speeds, and a machine safety check before the first cut.
How is CNC machining used in practice?
Typical applications include producing a batch of 500 brackets with the same accuracy, machining a complex mould cavity with ball-end milling and running an unattended night shift on a machining centre.
What should I learn before CNC machining?
Study "Non-traditional machining" first (topic 24 of 102 in Manufacturing, Robotics & Systems). It covers the groundwork this topic builds on.
What are the key points of CNC machining?
G01 linear, G02/G03 circular. Closed loop with encoders. Spindle power and rigidity.
Can you give an example of CNC machining?
G01 X50 Y20 F200 moves linearly to X50,Y20 at 200 mm/min.
What comes after CNC machining?
The next topic is "CAM", which builds directly on this one.
How difficult is CNC machining?
It is classed as Beginner in Manufacturing, Robotics & Systems (topic 25 of 102). It is an entry-level topic. It relies only on basic school mathematics and the ideas introduced earlier in this discipline.