BeginnerTopic 19 of 102Manufacturing, Robotics & Systems
Machining fundamentals
Material removal using cutting tools; speed, feed and depth of cut.
In depth
Material removal by shearing chips with a tool: parameters cutting speed v, feed f, depth of cut d. Material removal rate MRR=v·f·d. Forces, heat and tool wear govern economics; chip formation types: continuous, segmented, built-up edge. Coolants reduce friction and temperature.
Key points
- Merchant's shear angle
- Surface finish ∝ f²/R
- Power=force×speed
ExampleTurning aluminium at 300 m/min with 0.2 mm/rev feed.
Machining removes material to reach final shape and tolerances, and the cutting parameters control cost, quality and tool life.
What is Machining fundamentals?
Material removal using cutting tools; speed, feed and depth of cut.
Why is it important to understand machining fundamentals?
Machining removes material to reach final shape and tolerances, and the cutting parameters control cost, quality and tool life.
What are speed, feed and depth of cut?
Cutting speed is the surface speed at the tool edge, feed is the advance per revolution or tooth, and depth of cut is the thickness of material removed.
What determines material removal rate?
The product of cutting speed, feed and depth of cut, subject to the power and rigidity of the machine.
How is Machining fundamentals used in practice?
Typical applications include turning a steel shaft to a diameter of 25 mm, milling a flat face on an aluminium block and drilling a deep hole in a casting with coolant.
What should I learn before Machining fundamentals?
Study "Soldering and brazing" first (topic 18 of 102 in Manufacturing, Robotics & Systems). It covers the groundwork this topic builds on.
What are the key points of Machining fundamentals?
Merchant's shear angle. Surface finish ∝ f²/R. Power=force×speed.
Can you give an example of Machining fundamentals?
Turning aluminium at 300 m/min with 0.2 mm/rev feed.
What comes after Machining fundamentals?
The next topic is "Turning, milling and drilling", which builds directly on this one.
How difficult is Machining fundamentals?
It is classed as Beginner in Manufacturing, Robotics & Systems (topic 19 of 102). It is an entry-level topic. It relies only on basic school mathematics and the ideas introduced earlier in this discipline.