IntermediateTopic 37 of 104Software & Computing

Design patterns

Reusable solutions such as Singleton, Observer and Factory.

In depth

Design patterns are reusable solutions to common design problems: creational (Singleton, Factory, Builder), structural (Adapter, Decorator, Facade), behavioural (Observer, Strategy, Command). They give shared vocabulary; misuse adds needless complexity.

Key points

  • Gang of Four
  • Observer for events
  • Strategy for interchangeable algorithms
Example

UI frameworks use the Observer pattern for event listeners.

Why it matters

Design patterns are proven solutions to recurring design problems, so they give teams a shared vocabulary and tested structures.

Where this is used

  • Using a factory to create objects of different types from configuration.
  • Applying the observer pattern so a display updates when sensor data changes.
  • Using a singleton for a single shared configuration object.

Frequently asked questions

What is Design patterns?

Reusable solutions such as Singleton, Observer and Factory.

Why is it important to understand design patterns?

Design patterns are proven solutions to recurring design problems, so they give teams a shared vocabulary and tested structures.

What is a design pattern?

A reusable outline for solving a common design problem, not a finished piece of code that you copy directly.

Are patterns always needed?

No. Using a pattern where a simple function would do adds complexity, so patterns should solve a real problem.

How is Design patterns used in practice?

Typical applications include using a factory to create objects of different types from configuration, applying the observer pattern so a display updates when sensor data changes and using a singleton for a single shared configuration object.

What should I learn before Design patterns?

Study "SOLID principles" first (topic 36 of 104 in Software & Computing). It covers the groundwork this topic builds on.

What are the key points of Design patterns?

Gang of Four. Observer for events. Strategy for interchangeable algorithms.

Can you give an example of Design patterns?

UI frameworks use the Observer pattern for event listeners.

What comes after Design patterns?

The next topic is "Functional programming", which builds directly on this one.

How difficult is Design patterns?

It is classed as Intermediate in Software & Computing (topic 37 of 104). It is an intermediate topic. Work through the beginner topics in Software & Computing first.

Learning path

Want to practise? Open the interactive course for quick checks, quizzes, simulations and progress tracking.

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